diff --git a/AMSS_NCKU_source/bssn_class.C b/AMSS_NCKU_source/bssn_class.C
index 3736e98..376df07 100644
--- a/AMSS_NCKU_source/bssn_class.C
+++ b/AMSS_NCKU_source/bssn_class.C
@@ -2489,7 +2489,9 @@ void bssn_class::Evolve(int Steps)
     GH->Regrid(Symmetry, BH_num, Porgbr, Porg0,
                SynchList_cor, OldStateList, StateList, SynchList_pre,
                fgt(PhysTime - dT_mon, StartTime, dT_mon / 2), ErrorMonitor);
+#if (ABEtype != 1)
     for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_restrict[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_outbd[il].invalidate(); }
+#endif
     STEP_TIMER_ADD(TB_REGRID, timer_regrid);
 #endif
 
@@ -2730,7 +2732,9 @@ void bssn_class::RecursiveStep(int lev)
   {
   if (ConstraintRefreshLevels)
     ConstraintRefreshLevels[lev] = 1;
+#if (ABEtype != 1)
   for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_restrict[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_outbd[il].invalidate(); }
+#endif
   }
   STEP_TIMER_ADD(TB_REGRID, timer_regrid_onelevel);
 #endif
@@ -2911,7 +2915,9 @@ void bssn_class::ParallelStep()
   if (GH->Regrid_Onelevel(GH->mylev, Symmetry, BH_num, Porgbr, Porg0,
                       SynchList_cor, OldStateList, StateList, SynchList_pre,
                       fgt(PhysTime - dT_lev, StartTime, dT_lev / 2), ErrorMonitor))
-  for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_restrict[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_outbd[il].invalidate(); }
+#if (ABEtype != 1)
+  for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_restrict[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_outbd[il].invalidate(); }
+#endif
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -3078,7 +3084,9 @@ void bssn_class::ParallelStep()
         if (GH->Regrid_Onelevel(lev + 1, Symmetry, BH_num, Porgbr, Porg0,
                             SynchList_cor, OldStateList, StateList, SynchList_pre,
                             fgt(PhysTime - dT_levp1, StartTime, dT_levp1 / 2), ErrorMonitor))
-        for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_restrict[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_outbd[il].invalidate(); }
+#if (ABEtype != 1)
+        for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_restrict[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_outbd[il].invalidate(); }
+#endif
 
         //               a_stream.clear();
         //               a_stream.str("");
@@ -3093,7 +3101,9 @@ void bssn_class::ParallelStep()
       if (GH->Regrid_Onelevel(lev, Symmetry, BH_num, Porgbr, Porg0,
                           SynchList_cor, OldStateList, StateList, SynchList_pre,
                           fgt(PhysTime - dT_lev, StartTime, dT_lev / 2), ErrorMonitor))
-      for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_restrict[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_outbd[il].invalidate(); }
+#if (ABEtype != 1)
+      for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_restrict[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_outbd[il].invalidate(); }
+#endif
 
       //               a_stream.clear();
       //               a_stream.str("");
@@ -3112,7 +3122,9 @@ void bssn_class::ParallelStep()
           if (GH->Regrid_Onelevel(lev - 1, Symmetry, BH_num, Porgbr, Porg0,
                               SynchList_cor, OldStateList, StateList, SynchList_pre,
                               fgt(PhysTime - dT_lev, StartTime, dT_levm1 / 2), ErrorMonitor))
-          for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_restrict[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_outbd[il].invalidate(); }
+#if (ABEtype != 1)
+          for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_restrict[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_outbd[il].invalidate(); }
+#endif
 
           //               a_stream.clear();
           //               a_stream.str("");
@@ -3128,7 +3140,9 @@ void bssn_class::ParallelStep()
           if (GH->Regrid_Onelevel(lev - 1, Symmetry, BH_num, Porgbr, Porg0,
                               SynchList_cor, OldStateList, StateList, SynchList_pre,
                               fgt(PhysTime - dT_lev, StartTime, dT_levm1 / 2), ErrorMonitor))
-          for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_restrict[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_outbd[il].invalidate(); }
+#if (ABEtype != 1)
+          for (int il = 0; il < GH->levels; il++) { sync_cache_pre[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_cor[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_coarse[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_rp_fine[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_restrict[il].invalidate(); sync_cache_outbd[il].invalidate(); }
+#endif
 
           //               a_stream.clear();
           //               a_stream.str("");
@@ -3659,7 +3673,11 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
 
   STEP_TIMER_DECL(timer_predictor_sync);
   Parallel::AsyncSyncState async_pre;
+#if (ABEtype == 1)
+  Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+#else
   Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry, sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre);
+#endif
 
 #ifdef WithShell
   if (lev == 0)
@@ -3678,7 +3696,9 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
     }
   }
 #endif
-  Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre, SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+#if (ABEtype != 1)
+  Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre, SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+#endif
 
 #ifdef WithShell
   // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
@@ -4024,7 +4044,11 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
 
     STEP_TIMER_DECL(timer_corrector_sync);
     Parallel::AsyncSyncState async_cor;
+#if (ABEtype == 1)
+    Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+#else
     Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry, sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor);
+#endif
 
 #ifdef WithShell
     if (lev == 0)
@@ -4043,7 +4067,9 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
       }
     }
 #endif
-    Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+#if (ABEtype != 1)
+    Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+#endif
 
 #ifdef WithShell
     // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
@@ -4532,7 +4558,11 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
 #endif
 
   Parallel::AsyncSyncState async_pre;
-  Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry, sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre);
+#if (ABEtype == 1)
+  Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+#else
+  Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry, sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre);
+#endif
 
 #ifdef WithShell
   if (lev == 0)
@@ -4551,7 +4581,9 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
     }
   }
 #endif
-  Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre, SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+#if (ABEtype != 1)
+  Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_pre[lev], async_pre, SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+#endif
 
 #ifdef WithShell
   // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
@@ -4880,7 +4912,11 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
 #endif
 
     Parallel::AsyncSyncState async_cor;
-    Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry, sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor);
+#if (ABEtype == 1)
+    Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+#else
+    Parallel::Sync_start(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry, sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor);
+#endif
 
 #ifdef WithShell
     if (lev == 0)
@@ -4899,7 +4935,9 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
       }
     }
 #endif
-    Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+#if (ABEtype != 1)
+    Parallel::Sync_finish(sync_cache_cor[lev], async_cor, SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+#endif
 
 #ifdef WithShell
     // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
@@ -5291,7 +5329,11 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
 
   //   misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[lev],GH->start_rank[lev],"before Predictor sync");
 
-  Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry, sync_cache_pre[lev]);
+#if (ABEtype == 1)
+  Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry);
+#else
+  Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_pre, Symmetry, sync_cache_pre[lev]);
+#endif
 
   // Complete non-blocking error reduction and check
   MPI_Wait(&err_req, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
@@ -5492,7 +5534,11 @@ void bssn_class::Step(int lev, int YN)
 
     //    misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[lev],GH->start_rank[lev],"before Corrector sync");
 
-    Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry, sync_cache_cor[lev]);
+#if (ABEtype == 1)
+    Parallel::Sync(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry);
+#else
+    Parallel::Sync_cached(GH->PatL[lev], SynchList_cor, Symmetry, sync_cache_cor[lev]);
+#endif
 
     //    misc::tillherecheck(GH->Commlev[lev],GH->start_rank[lev],"after Corrector sync");