theory lab finished

This commit is contained in:
2025-11-28 18:28:11 +08:00
parent be4742dfa2
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@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
#let times = "Times LT Pro"
#let times = "Times New Roman"
#let song = (times, "Noto Serif CJK SC")
#let hei = (times, "Noto Sans CJK SC")
#let kai = (times, "Noto Serif CJK SC")
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#let code = (times, "JetBrains Mono")
#let nudtlabpaper(title: "",
author1: "",
id1: "",
advisor: "",
jobtitle: "",
lab: "",
date: "",
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body) = {
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align(center)[
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]
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v(103pt)
pad(
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// #block(text(weight: 700, 1.75em, title))
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grid(
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align(center, text(size: 14pt, font: song, author1)),
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v(50.5pt)
align(center, text(font: hei, size: 15pt, "国防科技大学教育训练部制"))
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numbering: "i",
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par(first-line-indent: 2em, text(font: fsong, size: 12pt, "2报告正文最多可设四级标题字体均为黑体第一级标题字号为4号其余各级标题为小4号标题序号第一级用“一、”、“二、”……第二级用“”、“” ……第三级用“1.”、“2.” ……第四级用“1”、“2” ……,分别按序连续编排。"))
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#let para(t) = par(first-line-indent: 2em, text(font: song, size: 10.5pt, t))
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#import "labtemplate.typ": *
#show: nudtlabpaper.with(title: "华为Datacomstar实训理论实验",
author1: "程景愉",
id1: "202302723005",
advisor: " 胡罡",
jobtitle: "教授",
lab: "306-707",
date: "2025.11.28",
header_str: "《网络工程》实验报告",
)
#set page(header: [
#set par(spacing: 6pt)
#align(center)[#text(size: 11pt)[《网络工程》实验报告]]
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],)
#show heading: it => box(width: 100%)[
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#outline(title: "目录",depth: 3, indent: 1em)
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#outline(
title: [图目录],
target: figure.where(kind: image),
)
#show heading: it => box(width: 100%)[
#v(0.50em)
#set text(font: hei)
#counter(heading).display()
// #h(0.5em)
#it.body
]
#set enum(indent: 0.5em,body-indent: 0.5em,)
#pagebreak()
= 实验介绍
本实验旨在通过使用华为Datacomstar数据通信实训系统学习和掌握网络规划与设计的基本流程和方法。通过完成一系列的网络规划任务加深对网络工程理论知识的理解并提升实际动手操作能力和解决网络问题的能力。
= 实验内容
#para[
本次实验的主要内容是利用华为Datacomstar数据通信实训系统进行网络规划的学习。具体包括
]
+ 熟悉Datacomstar实训平台的基本操作界面和功能。
+ 根据任务要求,进行网络拓扑结构的设计和规划。
+ 在仿真环境中选择和配置合适的网络设备,如路由器、交换机等。
+ 进行IP地址的规划与分配。
+ 完成设备的基本配置,实现网络的初步搭建。
+ 记录和保存每个关键操作步骤的截图,用于撰写实验报告。
= 实验要求
#para[
根据任务指导书,本次实验的具体要求如下:
]
+ 使用华为Datacomstar数据通信实训系统完成指定的网络规划任务。
+ 在实验过程中,对每一个完成的任务步骤进行截图保存。
+ 独立完成实验报告的撰写,报告需包含封面、目录、实验概述、实验内容、实验要求、实验步骤和实验总结等部分。
+ 实验报告应内容详实、格式规范,并可以记录和反思练习过程中遇到的问题。
= 实验步骤
#para[本次实验的具体操作步骤记录在下方的一系列截图中,展示了从开始到完成网络规划任务的全过程。]
#figure(
image("dcs_1.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_2.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_3.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_4.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#para[
*学习感悟:* 在需求分析阶段,我学习到不仅要关注业务需求,还必须重视物理基础。例如,正确选择单模或多模光纤、以及合适的网线类型(如超五类线支持千兆速率),是保证网络性能的基础。此外,全面的网络勘测——包括物理环境、现有网络状况乃至业务类型——是后续设计能否成功的关键。这些知识点让我明白,一个优秀的网络方案始于对细节的精确把握。
]
#figure(
image("dcs_5.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_6.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#para[
*学习感悟:* 在架构设计部分我掌握了不同场景下网络架构的选择原则。例如对于多AP的企业无线网络采用“WAC+Fit AP”的集中式管理架构远优于传统的胖AP方案便于统一配置和维护。对于典型的园区网三层架构我明确了汇聚层的核心作用它不仅是区域间流量转发的枢纽更是连接接入层和核心层的桥梁同时也是实施策略控制的关键节点。这让我对网络设计的层次化和模块化思想有了更深的体会。
]
#figure(
image("dcs_7.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_8.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_9.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_10.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_11.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_12.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#para[
*学习感悟:* 设备选型是理论联系实际的关键一步。我认识到选择交换机时必须综合考虑其交换容量、上行和下行端口的数量与类型以匹配网络流量模型。在选择AP时除了区分室内型和室外型的基本应用场景如室外AP需具备防水防尘能力还需要根据用户密度和业务类型选择具体型号。同时对PoE、PoE+、PoE++等供电标准的学习让我了解到如何为AP等终端设备提供高效、便捷的供电方案。这让我明白合理的设备选型是兼顾性能、成本和未来扩展性的艺术。
]
#figure(
image("dcs_13.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_14.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_15.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#para[
*学习感悟:* 物理层的部署是网络稳定运行的基石。在机柜布局与安装这一节,我学到了设备安装和理线的规范化操作流程。例如,设备应由下至上安装以保证机柜稳定,重的设备放于底部;理线时要分门别类、贴好标签,并注意光纤的弯曲半径,避免物理损伤。这些看似简单的操作规范,实则直接关系到设备的安全、散热效率以及未来运维的便捷性。这让我深刻体会到,严谨的工程实践是构建高质量网络基础设施的前提。
]
#figure(
image("dcs_16.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_17.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_18.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#para[
*学习感悟:* 在设备管理与连接设计部分我重点学习了不同管理方式的特点和适用场景。我明确了带内管理如Telnet, SSH, Web和带外管理如Console口的根本区别。特别是我深入理解了SSH相对于Telnet的安全性优势SSH通过加密传输能有效防止在远程管理过程中的信息泄露而Telnet是明文传输安全性很低。这让我认识到在进行网络管理方案设计时必须将安全性放在首位优先选择如SSH和HTTPS等加密管理协议。
]
#figure(
image("dcs_19.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_20.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_21.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#para[
*学习感悟:* IP地址和VLAN的规划是网络逻辑设计的核心。通过这部分的学习我巩固了子网划分的技能特别是如何根据主机数量需求进行可变长子网掩码VLSM的计算从而高效地利用IP地址空间。我进一步厘清了网络地址、广播地址和可用主机地址的定义与计算方法并能准确识别私有IP地址范围。理解这些基础概念是进行路由、ACL策略配置以及故障排查的基础。这次学习让我对IP地址的精细化管理有了更系统、更深入的认识。
]
#figure(
image("dcs_22.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_23.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_24.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_25.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_26.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_27.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_28.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_29.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#para[
*学习感悟:* 在WLAN组网设计部分我系统学习了构建无线网络的关键要素。首先是信道规划特别是在拥挤的2.4GHz频段合理使用1、6、11等非重叠信道是避免同频干扰、保障网络性能的基础。其次是网络架构选型我理解了集中式管理“Fit AP+AC”相对于分布式“Fat AP”的巨大优势它简化了大规模部署下的配置、监控和维护工作。最后通过对CAPWAP协议的了解我认识了AC与AP之间是如何通过隧道技术进行安全通信和管理的。这些知识让我明白了现代WLAN网络设计的核心思想在于集中控制、简化运维和提升性能。
]
#figure(
image("dcs_30.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_31.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_32.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#para[
*学习感悟:* WLAN网络规划特别是现场勘测Site Survey是连接理论设计与实际效果的桥梁。我学习到一个成功的WLAN部署远不止是简单地放置AP。必须综合考虑建筑结构、墙体材料如混凝土、玻璃对信号的衰减影响以规划AP的点位和密度避免出现信号盲区。同时选择合适的供电方式如PoE交换机供电能极大简化布线复杂度。这次学习让我深刻认识到专业的WLAN规划是一个严谨的、经验与技术并重的过程直接决定了最终用户的无线上网体验。
]
#figure(
image("dcs_33.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_34.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_35.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_36.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_37.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_38.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#para[
*学习感悟:* 在NAT设计部分我掌握了解决IPv4地址短缺问题的核心技术。我区分了不同NAT的应用场景当内部大量用户需要访问互联网时采用NAPT或Easy IP可以将多个私网IP映射到同一个公网IP的不同端口上实现地址复用而当需要对外发布内部服务器如Web服务器则使用NAT Server静态NAT或端口映射将固定的公网IP和端口映射到内部服务器。这让我理解了NAT不仅是地址转换的技术更是一种灵活的网络边界控制手段是连接私有网络和公共互联网的关键枢纽。
]
#figure(
image("dcs_39.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_40.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_41.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_42.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_43.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_44.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_45.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_46.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_47.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#para[
*学习感悟:* 在“高可靠性设计”部分我学习了保障网络服务连续性的关键技术。我认识到单一节点的故障是网络中最常见的风险而通过设备级和链路级的冗余可以有效规避。例如核心交换机使用堆叠Stacking技术可以将多台物理设备虚拟成一台逻辑设备极大简化管理并实现设备级冗余。链路聚合Link Aggregation则能捆绑多条物理链路增加带宽的同时提供链路备份。而VRRP虚拟路由冗余协议解决了网关单点故障的问题。这些技术的组合应用是构建一个健壮、无中断的网络的基石。
]
#figure(
image("dcs_48.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_49.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_50.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_51.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_52.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#figure(
image("dcs_53.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#para[
*学习感悟:* 在“管理运维设计”部分我了解了现代网络管理的核心协议和工具。我重点学习了SNMP协议的体系结构包括NMS、Agent和MIB三要素并理解了Get、Set、Trap等基本操作。特别是对SNMPv3的学习让我认识到其通过用户名、认证和加密VACM模型提供了远超v1/v2c版本的安全性。此外通过了解华为iMaster NCE平台和ZTP零接触部署等技术我看到了网络运维从手动、被动向自动化、智能化演进的趋势。这让我明白高效、安全的网络管理是发挥网络价值、降低运维成本的关键。
]
#figure(
image("dcs_54.png",fit:"stretch",width: 100%),
)
#pagebreak()
= 实验总结
#para[
通过本次实验我成功学习并实践了网络规划的基本流程。我熟悉了华为Datacomstar数据通信实训系统的使用方法并通过亲手操作对网络拓扑设计、设备配置、IP地址规划等关键环节有了更深入的理解。在实验过程中我也遇到了一些问题例如设备选型和配置命令的细节问题通过查阅资料和反复尝试最终都得以解决。这不仅锻炼了我的动手能力也培养了我分析和解决实际问题的能力。总而言之这次实验将理论知识与实践紧密结合让我受益匪浅。
]
#show heading: it => box(width: 100%)[
#v(0.50em)
#set text(font: hei)
// #counter(heading).display()
// #h(0.5em)
#it.body
]
// #bibliography("ref.yml",full: true,title: "参考文献",style:"gb-7714-2015-numeric")
/*
根据这个网站的格式示范https://github.com/typst/hayagriva/blob/main/docs/file-format.md
为这些网页生成.yml文件
https://opennetworking.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/openflow-spec-v1.3.0.pdf
https://www.cnblogs.com/goldsunshine/p/7262484.html
https://www.jianshu.com/p/acfeae1771b3
https://www.jianshu.com/p/82e238eb8d14
*/

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利用华为datacomstar数据通信实训系统完成网络规划部分的学习要求大家每完成一个任务保存一个截图最终形成一份以个人为单位的大作业文档。
按照实验报告的格式,要求有封面、目录。每个实验部分可以记录练习过程中遇到的问题及思考。