# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2020, Masamichi Takagi, Balazs Gerofi, Yutaka Ishikawa # This file is distributed under the same license as the IHK/McKernel # package. # FIRST AUTHOR , 2020. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: IHK/McKernel \n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-08-04 16:40+0900\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Generated-By: Babel 2.7.0\n" #: ../../background.rst:2 msgid "Background and Motivation" msgstr "" #: ../../background.rst:4 msgid "" "With the growing complexity of high-end supercomputers, the current " "system software stack faces significant challenges as we move forward to " "exascale and beyond. The necessity to deal with extreme degree of " "parallelism, heterogeneous architectures, multiple levels of memory " "hierarchy, power constraints, etc., advocates operating systems that can " "rapidly adapt to new hardware requirements, and that can support novel " "programming paradigms and runtime systems. On the other hand, a new class" " of more dynamic and complex applications are also on the horizon, with " "an increasing demand for application constructs such as in-situ analysis," " workflows, elaborate monitoring and performance tools. This complexity " "relies not only on the rich features of POSIX, but also on the Linux APIs" " (such as the */proc*, */sys* filesystems, etc.) in particular." msgstr "" #: ../../background.rst:19 msgid "Two Traditional HPC OS Approaches" msgstr "" #: ../../background.rst:21 msgid "" "Traditionally, light-weight operating systems specialized for HPC " "followed two approaches to tackle scalable execution of large-scale " "applications. In the full weight kernel (FWK) approach, a full Linux " "environment is taken as the basis, and features that inhibit attaining " "HPC scalability are removed, i.e., making it light-weight. The pure " "light-weight kernel (LWK) approach, on the other hand, starts from " "scratch and effort is undertaken to add sufficient functionality so that " "it provides a familiar API, typically something close to that of a " "general purpose OS, while at the same time it retains the desired " "scalability and reliability attributes. Neither of these approaches " "yields a fully Linux compatible environment." msgstr "" #: ../../background.rst:34 msgid "The Multi-kernel Approach" msgstr "" #: ../../background.rst:36 msgid "" "A hybrid approach recognized recently by the system software community is" " to run Linux simultaneously with a lightweight kernel on compute nodes " "and multiple research projects are now pursuing this direction. The basic" " idea is that simulations run on an HPC tailored lightweight kernel, " "ensuring the necessary isolation for noiseless execution of parallel " "applications, but Linux is leveraged so that the full POSIX API is " "supported. Additionally, the small code base of the LWK can also " "facilitate rapid prototyping for new, exotic hardware features. " "Nevertheless, the questions of how to share node resources between the " "two types of kernels, where do device drivers execute, how exactly do the" " two kernels interact with each other and to what extent are they " "integrated, remain subjects of ongoing debate." msgstr ""