# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) 2020, Masamichi Takagi, Balazs Gerofi, Yutaka Ishikawa
# This file is distributed under the same license as the IHK/McKernel
# package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, 2020.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: IHK/McKernel \n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-08-07 10:00+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
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"Generated-By: Babel 2.7.0\n"

#: ../../users.rst:6
msgid "Architectural Overview"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:8
msgid ""
"See `Quick Guide -- Architectural Overview <quick.html#architectural-"
"overview>`__."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:11
msgid "Running Programs"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:13
msgid ""
"You need to check if your application and pre-/post-processing programs "
"are suited to run with McKernel. Follow the guide below to choose to run "
"the whole on McKernel, or run the whole on Linux, or run pre-/post-"
"processing on Linux and the application on McKernel:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:16
msgid "Application"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:18
msgid ""
"Run the whole on Linux if it issues system calls frequently and becoming "
"the bottleneck with McKernel. For example, it's better to run on Linux "
"those programs performing many file I/O operations."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:19
msgid "Otherwise, run it on McKernel."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:21
msgid "Pre-/Post-processing"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:23
msgid ""
"Run it on McKernel if it consumes a large amount of memory or the "
"execution time isn't prolonged prohivitively with McKernel. The reason "
"for the first condition is that the resource could be limited for Linux "
"CPUs in the nodes for McKernel."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:24
msgid "Otherwise, run it on Linux."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:28
msgid "Modify job script"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:30
msgid ""
"When using job submission system, you need to modify the job scripts so "
"that the job script itself is going to run on Linux. For example, with "
"Fujitsu Technical Computing Suite (TCS), you need to specify "
"``jobenv=linux`` by inserting the following line into the job script:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:38
msgid "Insert ``mcexec`` into the command line"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:40
msgid ""
"You need to insert ``mcexec`` into the command lines invoking the "
"programs that you chose to run on McKernel:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:43
msgid "Non-MPI programs"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:45
msgid "Insert ``mcexec`` before an executable:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:52
msgid "MPI programs"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:54
msgid ""
"Insert ``mcexec -n <processes-per-node>`` **after mpirun** and before an "
"executable:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:61
msgid ""
"``<processes-per-node>`` is the number of the processes per node and "
"calculated by (number of MPI processes) / (number of nodes)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:64
msgid ""
"For example, ``<processes-per-node>`` equals to 4 (=32/8) when specifying"
" the number of processes and nodes as follows with Fujitsu Technical "
"Computing Suite."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:74
msgid "Limitations"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:76
msgid ""
"Pseudo devices such as /dev/mem and /dev/zero are not mmap()ed correctly "
"even if the mmap() returns a success. An access of their mapping receives"
" the SIGSEGV signal."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:80
msgid ""
"clone() supports only the following flags. All the other flags cause "
"clone() to return error or are simply ignored."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:83
msgid "CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:84
msgid "CLONE_CHILD_SETTID"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:85
msgid "CLONE_PARENT_SETTID"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:86
msgid "CLONE_SETTLS"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:87
msgid "CLONE_SIGHAND"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:88
msgid "CLONE_VM"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:90
msgid "PAPI has the following restriction."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:92
msgid ""
"Number of counters a user can use at the same time is up to the number of"
" the physical counters in the processor."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:95
msgid "msync writes back only the modified pages mapped by the calling process."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:98
msgid "The following syscalls always return the ENOSYS error."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:100
msgid "migrate_pages()"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:101
msgid "move_pages()"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:102
msgid "set_robust_list()"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:104
msgid "The following syscalls always return the EOPNOTSUPP error."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:106
msgid "arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_GS)"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:107
msgid "signalfd()"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:109
msgid "signalfd4() returns a fd, but signal is not notified through the fd."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:111
msgid "set_rlimit sets the limit values but they are not enforced."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:113
msgid "Address randomization is not supported."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:115
msgid ""
"brk() extends the heap more than requestd when -h (–extend-heap-by=) "
"option of mcexec is used with the value larger than 4 KiB. "
"syscall_pwrite02 of LTP would fail for this reason. This is because the "
"test expects that the end of the heap is set to the same address as the "
"argument of sbrk() and expects a segmentation violation occurs when it "
"tries to access the memory area right next to the boundary. However, the "
"optimization sets the end to a value larger than the requested. "
"Therefore, the expected segmentation violation doesn’t occur."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:125
msgid ""
"setpriority()/getpriority() won’t work. They might set/get the priority "
"of a random mcexec thread. This is because there’s no fixed "
"correspondence between a McKernel thread which issues the system call and"
" a mcexec thread which handles the offload request."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:130
msgid ""
"mbind() can set the policy but it is not used when allocating physical "
"pages."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:133
msgid ""
"MPOL_F_RELATIVE_NODES and MPOL_INTERLEAVE flags for "
"set_mempolicy()/mbind() are not supported."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:136
msgid ""
"The MPOL_BIND policy for set_mempolicy()/mbind() works as the same as the"
" MPOL_PREFERRED policy. That is, the physical page allocator doesn’t give"
" up the allocation when the specified nodes are running out of pages but "
"continues to search pages in the other nodes."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:141
msgid ""
"Kernel dump on Linux panic requires Linux kernel CentOS-7.4 and later. In"
" addition, crash_kexec_post_notifiers kernel argument must be given to "
"Linux kernel."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:145
msgid ""
"setfsuid()/setfsgid() cannot change the id of the calling thread. "
"Instead, it changes that of the mcexec worker thread which takes the "
"system-call offload request."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:149
msgid ""
"mmap (hugeTLBfs): The physical pages corresponding to a map are released "
"when no McKernel process exist. The next map gets fresh physical pages."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:153
msgid "Sticky bit on executable file has no effect."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:155
msgid ""
"Linux (RHEL-7 for x86_64) could hang when offlining CPUs in the process "
"of booting McKernel due to the Linux bug, found in Linux-3.10 and fixed "
"in the later version. One way to circumvent this is to always assign the "
"same CPU set to McKernel."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:160
msgid "madvise:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:162
msgid "MADV_HWPOISON and MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE always returns -EPERM."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:163
msgid "MADV_MERGEABLE and MADV_UNMERGEABLE always returns -EINVAL."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:164
msgid ""
"MADV_HUGEPAGE and MADV_NOHUGEPAGE on file map returns -EINVAL except on "
"RHEL-8 for aarch64."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:167
msgid ""
"brk() and mmap() doesn’t report out-of-memory through its return value. "
"Instead, page-fault reports the error."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:170
msgid ""
"Anonymous mmap pre-maps requested number of pages when contiguous pages "
"are available. Demand paging is used when not available."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:173
msgid ""
"Mixing page sizes in anonymous shared mapping is not allowed. mmap "
"creates vm_range with one page size. And munmap or mremap that needs the "
"reduced page size changes the sizes of all the pages of the vm_range."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:178
msgid ""
"ihk_os_getperfevent() could time-out when invoked from Fujitsu TCS (job-"
"scheduler)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:181
msgid ""
"The behaviors of madvise and mbind are changed to do nothing and report "
"success as a workaround for Fugaku."
msgstr ""

#: ../../users.rst:184
msgid ""
"mmap() allows unlimited overcommit. Note that it corresponds to setting "
"sysctl ``vm.overcommit_memory`` to 1."
msgstr ""

#~ msgid ""
#~ "At the heart of the stack is "
#~ "a low-level software infrastructure "
#~ "called Interface for Heterogeneous Kernels "
#~ "(IHK). IHK is a general framework "
#~ "that provides capabilities for partitioning"
#~ " resources in a many-core environment"
#~ " (e.g.,CPU cores and physical memory) "
#~ "and it enables management of lightweight"
#~ " kernels. IHK can allocate and "
#~ "release host resources dynamically and "
#~ "no reboot of the host machine is"
#~ " required when altering configuration. IHK"
#~ " also provides a low-level inter-"
#~ "kernel messaging infrastructure, called the"
#~ " Inter-Kernel Communication (IKC) layer."
#~ " An architectural overview of the "
#~ "main system components is shown below."
#~ msgstr ""

#~ msgid ""
#~ "McKernel is a lightweight kernel written"
#~ " from scratch. It is designed for "
#~ "HPC and is booted from IHK. "
#~ "McKernel retains a binary compatible ABI"
#~ " with Linux, however, it implements "
#~ "only a small set of performance "
#~ "sensitive system calls and the rest "
#~ "are offloaded to Linux. Specifically, "
#~ "McKernel has its own memory management,"
#~ " it supports processes and multi-"
#~ "threading with a simple round-robin "
#~ "cooperative (tick-less) scheduler, and "
#~ "it implements signaling. It also allows"
#~ " inter-process memory mappings and it"
#~ " provides interfaces to hardware "
#~ "performance counters."
#~ msgstr ""

#~ msgid "Functionality"
#~ msgstr ""

#~ msgid ""
#~ "An overview of some of the "
#~ "principal functionalities of the IHK/McKernel"
#~ " stack is provided below."
#~ msgstr ""

#~ msgid "System Call Offloading"
#~ msgstr ""

#~ msgid ""
#~ "System call forwarding in McKernel is"
#~ " implemented as follows. When an "
#~ "offloaded system call occurs, McKernel "
#~ "marshals the system call number along"
#~ " with its arguments and sends a "
#~ "message to Linux via a dedicated "
#~ "IKC channel. The corresponding proxy "
#~ "process running on Linux is by "
#~ "default waiting for system call requests"
#~ " through an ioctl() call into IHK’s"
#~ " system call delegator kernel module. "
#~ "The delegator kernel module’s IKC "
#~ "interrupt handler wakes up the proxy "
#~ "process, which returns to userspace and"
#~ " simply invokes the requested system "
#~ "call. Once it obtains the return "
#~ "value, it instructs the delegator module"
#~ " to send the result back to "
#~ "McKernel, which subsequently passes the "
#~ "value to user-space."
#~ msgstr ""

#~ msgid "Unified Address Space"
#~ msgstr ""

#~ msgid ""
#~ "The unified address space model in "
#~ "IHK/McKernel ensures that offloaded system "
#~ "calls can seamlessly resolve arguments "
#~ "even in case of pointers. This "
#~ "mechanism is depicted below and is "
#~ "implemented as follows."
#~ msgstr ""

#~ msgid ""
#~ "First, the proxy process is compiled "
#~ "as a position independent binary, which"
#~ " enables us to map the code and"
#~ " data segments specific to the proxy"
#~ " process to an address range which"
#~ " is explicitly excluded from McKernel’s "
#~ "user space. The grey box on the"
#~ " right side of the figure "
#~ "demonstrates the excluded region. Second, "
#~ "the entire valid virtual address range"
#~ " of McKernel’s application user-space "
#~ "is covered by a special mapping in"
#~ " the proxy process for which we "
#~ "use a pseudo file mapping in "
#~ "Linux. This mapping is indicated by "
#~ "the blue box on the left side "
#~ "of the figure."
#~ msgstr ""