459 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
459 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
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# Copyright (C) 2020, Masamichi Takagi, Balazs Gerofi, Yutaka Ishikawa
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# This file is distributed under the same license as the IHK/McKernel
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# package.
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# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, 2020.
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#
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#, fuzzy
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msgid ""
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msgstr ""
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"Project-Id-Version: IHK/McKernel \n"
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"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
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"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-08-04 16:40+0900\n"
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"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
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"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
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"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
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"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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"Generated-By: Babel 2.7.0\n"
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#: ../../quick.rst:6
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msgid "Introduction"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../summary.rst:1
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msgid ""
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"IHK/McKernel is a light-weight multi-kernel operating system designed for"
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" high-end supercomputing. It runs Linux and McKernel, a light-weight "
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"kernel (LWK), side-by-side inside compute nodes and aims at the "
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"following:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../summary.rst:6
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msgid ""
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"Provide scalable and consistent execution of large-scale parallel "
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"scientific applications, but at the same time maintain the ability to "
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"rapidly adapt to new hardware features and emerging programming models"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../summary.rst:10
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msgid ""
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"Provide efficient memory and device management so that resource "
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"contention and data movement are minimized at the system level"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../summary.rst:12
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msgid ""
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"Eliminate OS noise by isolating OS services in Linux and provide jitter "
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"free execution on the LWK"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../summary.rst:14
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msgid ""
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"Support the full POSIX/Linux APIs by selectively offloading (slow-path) "
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"system calls to Linux"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../background.rst:2
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msgid "Background and Motivation"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../background.rst:4
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msgid ""
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"With the growing complexity of high-end supercomputers, the current "
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"system software stack faces significant challenges as we move forward to "
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"exascale and beyond. The necessity to deal with extreme degree of "
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"parallelism, heterogeneous architectures, multiple levels of memory "
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"hierarchy, power constraints, etc., advocates operating systems that can "
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"rapidly adapt to new hardware requirements, and that can support novel "
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"programming paradigms and runtime systems. On the other hand, a new class"
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" of more dynamic and complex applications are also on the horizon, with "
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"an increasing demand for application constructs such as in-situ analysis,"
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" workflows, elaborate monitoring and performance tools. This complexity "
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"relies not only on the rich features of POSIX, but also on the Linux APIs"
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" (such as the */proc*, */sys* filesystems, etc.) in particular."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../background.rst:19
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msgid "Two Traditional HPC OS Approaches"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../background.rst:21
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msgid ""
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"Traditionally, light-weight operating systems specialized for HPC "
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"followed two approaches to tackle scalable execution of large-scale "
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"applications. In the full weight kernel (FWK) approach, a full Linux "
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"environment is taken as the basis, and features that inhibit attaining "
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"HPC scalability are removed, i.e., making it light-weight. The pure "
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"light-weight kernel (LWK) approach, on the other hand, starts from "
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"scratch and effort is undertaken to add sufficient functionality so that "
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"it provides a familiar API, typically something close to that of a "
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"general purpose OS, while at the same time it retains the desired "
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"scalability and reliability attributes. Neither of these approaches "
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"yields a fully Linux compatible environment."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../background.rst:34
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msgid "The Multi-kernel Approach"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../background.rst:36
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msgid ""
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"A hybrid approach recognized recently by the system software community is"
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" to run Linux simultaneously with a lightweight kernel on compute nodes "
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"and multiple research projects are now pursuing this direction. The basic"
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" idea is that simulations run on an HPC tailored lightweight kernel, "
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"ensuring the necessary isolation for noiseless execution of parallel "
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"applications, but Linux is leveraged so that the full POSIX API is "
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"supported. Additionally, the small code base of the LWK can also "
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"facilitate rapid prototyping for new, exotic hardware features. "
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"Nevertheless, the questions of how to share node resources between the "
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"two types of kernels, where do device drivers execute, how exactly do the"
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" two kernels interact with each other and to what extent are they "
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"integrated, remain subjects of ongoing debate."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../archtecture.rst:2
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msgid "Architectural Overview"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../archtecture.rst:4
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msgid ""
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"At the heart of the stack is a low-level software infrastructure called "
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"Interface for Heterogeneous Kernels (IHK). IHK is a general framework "
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"that provides capabilities for partitioning resources in a many-core "
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"environment (e.g.,CPU cores and physical memory) and it enables "
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"management of lightweight kernels. IHK can allocate and release host "
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"resources dynamically and no reboot of the host machine is required when "
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"altering configuration. IHK also provides a low-level inter-kernel "
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"messaging infrastructure, called the Inter-Kernel Communication (IKC) "
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"layer. An architectural overview of the main system components is shown "
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"below."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../archtecture.rst:18
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msgid ""
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"McKernel is a lightweight kernel written from scratch. It is designed for"
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" HPC and is booted from IHK. McKernel retains a binary compatible ABI "
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"with Linux, however, it implements only a small set of performance "
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"sensitive system calls and the rest are offloaded to Linux. Specifically,"
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" McKernel has its own memory management, it supports processes and multi-"
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"threading with a simple round-robin cooperative (tick-less) scheduler, "
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"and it implements signaling. It also allows inter-process memory mappings"
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" and it provides interfaces to hardware performance counters."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../archtecture.rst:29
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msgid "Functionality"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../archtecture.rst:31
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msgid ""
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"An overview of some of the principal functionalities of the IHK/McKernel "
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"stack is provided below."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../archtecture.rst:35
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msgid "System Call Offloading"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../archtecture.rst:37
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msgid ""
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"System call forwarding in McKernel is implemented as follows. When an "
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"offloaded system call occurs, McKernel marshals the system call number "
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"along with its arguments and sends a message to Linux via a dedicated IKC"
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" channel. The corresponding proxy process running on Linux is by default "
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"waiting for system call requests through an ioctl() call into IHK’s "
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"system call delegator kernel module. The delegator kernel module’s IKC "
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"interrupt handler wakes up the proxy process, which returns to userspace "
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"and simply invokes the requested system call. Once it obtains the return "
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"value, it instructs the delegator module to send the result back to "
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"McKernel, which subsequently passes the value to user-space."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../archtecture.rst:49
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msgid "Unified Address Space"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../archtecture.rst:51
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msgid ""
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"The unified address space model in IHK/McKernel ensures that offloaded "
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"system calls can seamlessly resolve arguments even in case of pointers. "
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"This mechanism is depicted below and is implemented as follows."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../archtecture.rst:58
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msgid ""
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"First, the proxy process is compiled as a position independent binary, "
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"which enables us to map the code and data segments specific to the proxy "
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"process to an address range which is explicitly excluded from McKernel’s "
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"user space. The grey box on the right side of the figure demonstrates the"
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" excluded region. Second, the entire valid virtual address range of "
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"McKernel’s application user-space is covered by a special mapping in the "
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"proxy process for which we use a pseudo file mapping in Linux. This "
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"mapping is indicated by the blue box on the left side of the figure."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:4
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msgid "Installation"
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msgstr "インストール"
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#: ../../install.rst:6
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msgid "The following OS distributions and platforms are recommended:"
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msgstr "推奨OSディストリビューションとプロセッサは以下の通り。"
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#: ../../install.rst:8
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msgid "OS distribution"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:10
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msgid "CentOS 7.3 or later"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:11
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msgid "RHEL 7.3 or later"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:13
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msgid "Platform"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:15
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msgid "Intel Xeon"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:16
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msgid "Intel Xeon Phi"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:17
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msgid "Fujitsu A64FX"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:20
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msgid "Prepare files for building McKernel"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:22
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msgid ""
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"Grant read permission to the System.map file of your kernel version on "
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"the build machine:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:28
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msgid "Install the following packages to the build machine:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:35 ../../install.rst:179
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msgid "When having access to repositories"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:37 ../../install.rst:181
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msgid "On RHEL 8, enable the CodeReady Linux Builder (CLB) repository:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:43 ../../install.rst:187
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msgid "On CentOS 8, enable the PowerTools repository:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:49 ../../install.rst:193
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msgid "Install with yum:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:56 ../../install.rst:200
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msgid "When not having access to repositories"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:58
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msgid ""
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"Ask the system administrator to install them. Note that ``libdwarf-"
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"devel`` is in the CodeReady Linux Builder repository on RHEL 8 or in the "
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"PowerTools repository on CentOS 8."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:61
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msgid "Clone, compile, install"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:63
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msgid "Clone the source code:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:71
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msgid "(Optional) Checkout to the specific branch or version:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:79
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msgid ""
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"Foe example, if you want to try the development branch, use “development”"
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" as the pathspec. If you want to try the prerelease version 1.7.0-0.2, "
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"use “1.7.0-0.2”."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:83
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msgid "Move to build directory:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:89
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msgid "Run cmake:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:92 ../../install.rst:135
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msgid "When not cross-compiling:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:99 ../../install.rst:142
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msgid "When cross-compiling:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:111
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msgid "Install with cmake"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:113
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msgid "Install with make:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:119
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msgid ""
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"The kernel modules and McKernel kernel image should be installed under "
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"the **ihk+mckernel** folder in your home directory."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:123
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msgid "Install with rpm"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:125
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msgid "Create the tarball and the spec file:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:132
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msgid "Create the rpm package:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:148
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msgid "Install the rpm package:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:154
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msgid ""
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"The kernel modules and McKernel kernel image are installed under the "
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"standard system directories."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:158
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msgid "Prepare files and change settings for installing McKernel"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:160
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msgid "Disable SELinux of the compute nodes:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:166
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msgid "Change the file to SELINUX=disabled. And then reboot the compute nodes:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:172
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msgid "Install the following packages to the compute nodes:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../install.rst:202
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msgid ""
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"Ask the system administrator to install them. Note that ``libdwarf`` is "
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"in the CodeReady Linux Builder repository on RHEL 8 or in the PowerTools "
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"repository on CentOS 8."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../boot_run_shutdown.rst:2
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msgid "Boot McKernel"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../boot_run_shutdown.rst:4
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msgid ""
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"A boot script called ``mcreboot.sh`` is provided under ``sbin`` in the "
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"install folder. To boot on logical CPU 1 with 512MB of memory, use the "
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"following invocation:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../boot_run_shutdown.rst:14
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msgid ""
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"You should see something similar like this if you display the McKernel’s "
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"kernel message log:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../boot_run_shutdown.rst:42
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msgid "Run a simple program on McKernel"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../boot_run_shutdown.rst:44
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msgid ""
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"The mcexec command line tool (which is also the Linux proxy process) can "
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"be used for executing applications on McKernel:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../boot_run_shutdown.rst:53
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msgid "Shutdown McKernel"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../boot_run_shutdown.rst:55
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msgid ""
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"Finally, to shutdown McKernel and release CPU/memory resources back to "
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"Linux use the following command:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../team.rst:2
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msgid "The Team"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../team.rst:4
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msgid ""
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"The McKernel project was started at The University of Tokyo and currently"
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" it is mainly developed at RIKEN. Some of our collaborators include:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../team.rst:8
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msgid "Hitachi"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../team.rst:9
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msgid "Fujitsu"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../team.rst:10
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msgid "CEA (France)"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../team.rst:11
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msgid "NEC"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../license.rst:2
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msgid "License"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../license.rst:4
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msgid "McKernel is GPL licensed, as found in the LICENSE file."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../contact.rst:2
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msgid "Contact"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../contact.rst:4
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msgid ""
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"Please give your feedback to us via one of the following mailing lists. "
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"Subscription via `www.pccluster.org "
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"<http://www.pccluster.org/mailman/listinfo/mckernel-users>`__ is needed."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../contact.rst:9
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msgid "English: mckernel-users@pccluster.org"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../../contact.rst:10
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msgid "Japanese: mckernel-users-jp@pccluster.org"
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msgstr ""
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