// Copyright 2012 The Chromium Authors
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include "net/cookies/cookie_util.h"

#include <array>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <utility>

#include "base/check.h"
#include "base/command_line.h"
#include "base/compiler_specific.h"
#include "base/containers/contains.h"
#include "base/feature_list.h"
#include "base/functional/bind.h"
#include "base/functional/callback.h"
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "base/metrics/histogram_functions.h"
#include "base/metrics/histogram_macros.h"
#include "base/notreached.h"
#include "base/strings/strcat.h"
#include "base/strings/string_tokenizer.h"
#include "base/strings/string_util.h"
#include "base/types/optional_ref.h"
#include "base/types/optional_util.h"
#include "build/build_config.h"
#include "net/base/features.h"
#include "net/base/isolation_info.h"
#include "net/base/registry_controlled_domains/registry_controlled_domain.h"
#include "net/base/schemeful_site.h"
#include "net/base/url_util.h"
#include "net/cookies/canonical_cookie.h"
#include "net/cookies/cookie_access_delegate.h"
#include "net/cookies/cookie_access_result.h"
#include "net/cookies/cookie_constants.h"
#include "net/cookies/cookie_inclusion_status.h"
#include "net/cookies/cookie_monster.h"
#include "net/cookies/cookie_options.h"
#include "net/cookies/cookie_setting_override.h"
#include "net/cookies/parsed_cookie.h"
#include "net/first_party_sets/first_party_set_metadata.h"
#include "net/first_party_sets/first_party_sets_cache_filter.h"
#include "net/http/http_util.h"
#include "net/storage_access_api/status.h"
#include "url/gurl.h"
#include "url/url_constants.h"

namespace net::cookie_util {

namespace {

using ContextType = CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext::ContextType;
using ContextMetadata = CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext::ContextMetadata;

base::Time MinNonNullTime() {
  return base::Time::FromInternalValue(1);
}

// Tries to assemble a base::Time given a base::Time::Exploded representing a
// UTC calendar date.
//
// If the date falls outside of the range supported internally by
// FromUTCExploded() on the current platform, then the result is:
//
// * Time(1) if it's below the range FromUTCExploded() supports.
// * Time::Max() if it's above the range FromUTCExploded() supports.
// * std::nullopt if the input does not have valid values.
std::optional<base::Time> SaturatedTimeFromUTCExploded(
    const base::Time::Exploded& exploded) {
  // Try to calculate the base::Time in the normal fashion.
  base::Time out;
  if (base::Time::FromUTCExploded(exploded, &out)) {
    // Don't return Time(0) on success.
    return out.is_null() ? MinNonNullTime() : out;
  }

  // base::Time::FromUTCExploded() has platform-specific limits:
  //
  // * Windows: Years 1601 - 30827
  // * 32-bit POSIX: Years 1970 - 2038
  //
  // Work around this by returning min/max valid times for times outside those
  // ranges when imploding the time is doomed to fail.
  //
  // Note that the following implementation is NOT perfect. It will accept
  // some invalid calendar dates in the out-of-range case.
  if (!exploded.HasValidValues()) {
    return std::nullopt;
  }

  if (exploded.year > base::Time::kExplodedMaxYear) {
    return base::Time::Max();
  }
  if (exploded.year < base::Time::kExplodedMinYear) {
    return MinNonNullTime();
  }

  return std::nullopt;
}

bool HasValidSecurePrefixAttributes(const GURL& url, bool secure) {
  return secure &&
         ProvisionalAccessScheme(url) != CookieAccessScheme::kNonCryptographic;
}

// Tests that a cookie has the attributes for a valid __Host- prefix without
// testing that the prefix is in the cookie name.
bool HasValidHostPrefixAttributes(const GURL& url,
                                  bool secure,
                                  std::string_view domain,
                                  std::string_view path) {
  if (!HasValidSecurePrefixAttributes(url, secure) || path != "/") {
    return false;
  }
  return domain.empty() || (url.HostIsIPAddress() && url.host() == domain);
}

// Tests that a cookie has the attributes for a valid __Http- prefix without
// testing that the prefix is in the cookie name.
bool HasValidHttpPrefixAttributes(const GURL& url,
                                  bool secure,
                                  bool http_only) {
  return HasValidSecurePrefixAttributes(url, secure) && http_only;
}

struct ComputeSameSiteContextResult {
  ContextType context_type = ContextType::CROSS_SITE;
  ContextMetadata metadata;
};

CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext MakeSameSiteCookieContext(
    const ComputeSameSiteContextResult& result,
    const ComputeSameSiteContextResult& schemeful_result) {
  return CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext(
      result.context_type, schemeful_result.context_type, result.metadata,
      schemeful_result.metadata);
}

ContextMetadata::ContextRedirectTypeBug1221316
ComputeContextRedirectTypeBug1221316(bool url_chain_is_length_one,
                                     bool same_site_initiator,
                                     bool site_for_cookies_is_same_site,
                                     bool same_site_redirect_chain) {
  if (url_chain_is_length_one)
    return ContextMetadata::ContextRedirectTypeBug1221316::kNoRedirect;

  if (!same_site_initiator || !site_for_cookies_is_same_site)
    return ContextMetadata::ContextRedirectTypeBug1221316::kCrossSiteRedirect;

  if (!same_site_redirect_chain) {
    return ContextMetadata::ContextRedirectTypeBug1221316::
        kPartialSameSiteRedirect;
  }

  return ContextMetadata::ContextRedirectTypeBug1221316::kAllSameSiteRedirect;
}

// This function consolidates the common logic for computing SameSite cookie
// access context in various situations (HTTP vs JS; get vs set).
//
// `is_http` is whether the current cookie access request is associated with a
// network request (as opposed to a non-HTTP API, i.e., JavaScript).
//
// `compute_schemefully` is whether the current computation is for a
// schemeful_context, i.e. whether scheme should be considered when comparing
// two sites.
//
// See documentation of `ComputeSameSiteContextForRequest` for explanations of
// other parameters.
ComputeSameSiteContextResult ComputeSameSiteContext(
    const std::vector<GURL>& url_chain,
    const SiteForCookies& site_for_cookies,
    const std::optional<url::Origin>& initiator,
    bool is_http,
    bool is_main_frame_navigation,
    bool compute_schemefully) {
  DCHECK(!url_chain.empty());
  const GURL& request_url = url_chain.back();
  const auto is_same_site_with_site_for_cookies =
      [&site_for_cookies, compute_schemefully](const GURL& url) {
        return site_for_cookies.IsFirstPartyWithSchemefulMode(
            url, compute_schemefully);
      };

  bool site_for_cookies_is_same_site =
      is_same_site_with_site_for_cookies(request_url);

  // If the request is a main frame navigation, site_for_cookies must either be
  // null (for opaque origins, e.g., data: origins) or same-site with the
  // request URL (both schemefully and schemelessly), and the URL cannot be
  // ws/wss (these schemes are not navigable).
  DCHECK(!is_main_frame_navigation || site_for_cookies_is_same_site ||
         site_for_cookies.IsNull());
  DCHECK(!is_main_frame_navigation || !request_url.SchemeIsWSOrWSS());

  // Defaults to a cross-site context type.
  ComputeSameSiteContextResult result;

  // Create a SiteForCookies object from the initiator so that we can reuse
  // IsFirstPartyWithSchemefulMode().
  bool same_site_initiator =
      !initiator ||
      SiteForCookies::FromOrigin(initiator.value())
          .IsFirstPartyWithSchemefulMode(request_url, compute_schemefully);

  // Check that the URLs in the redirect chain are all same-site with the
  // site_for_cookies and hence (by transitivity) same-site with the request
  // URL. (If the URL chain only has one member, it's the request_url and we've
  // already checked it previously.)
  bool same_site_redirect_chain =
      url_chain.size() == 1u ||
      std::ranges::all_of(url_chain, is_same_site_with_site_for_cookies);

  // Record what type of redirect was experienced.

  result.metadata.redirect_type_bug_1221316 =
      ComputeContextRedirectTypeBug1221316(
          url_chain.size() == 1u, same_site_initiator,
          site_for_cookies_is_same_site, same_site_redirect_chain);

  if (!site_for_cookies_is_same_site)
    return result;

  // Whether the context would be SAME_SITE_STRICT if not considering redirect
  // chains, but is different after considering redirect chains.
  bool cross_site_redirect_downgraded_from_strict = false;
  // Allows the kCookieSameSiteConsidersRedirectChain feature to override the
  // result and use SAME_SITE_STRICT.
  bool use_strict = false;

  if (same_site_initiator) {
    if (same_site_redirect_chain) {
      result.context_type = ContextType::SAME_SITE_STRICT;
      return result;
    }
    cross_site_redirect_downgraded_from_strict = true;
    // If we are not supposed to consider redirect chains, record that the
    // context result should ultimately be strictly same-site. We cannot
    // just return early from here because we don't yet know what the context
    // gets downgraded to, so we can't return with the correct metadata until we
    // go through the rest of the logic below to determine that.
    use_strict = !base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(
        features::kCookieSameSiteConsidersRedirectChain);
  }

  if (!is_http || is_main_frame_navigation) {
    if (cross_site_redirect_downgraded_from_strict) {
      result.metadata.cross_site_redirect_downgrade =
          ContextMetadata::ContextDowngradeType::kStrictToLax;
    }
    result.context_type =
        use_strict ? ContextType::SAME_SITE_STRICT : ContextType::SAME_SITE_LAX;
    return result;
  }

  if (cross_site_redirect_downgraded_from_strict) {
    result.metadata.cross_site_redirect_downgrade =
        ContextMetadata::ContextDowngradeType::kStrictToCross;
  }
  result.context_type =
      use_strict ? ContextType::SAME_SITE_STRICT : ContextType::CROSS_SITE;

  return result;
}

// Setting any SameSite={Strict,Lax} cookie only requires a LAX context, so
// normalize any strictly same-site contexts to Lax for cookie writes.
void NormalizeStrictToLaxForSet(ComputeSameSiteContextResult& result) {
  if (result.context_type == ContextType::SAME_SITE_STRICT)
    result.context_type = ContextType::SAME_SITE_LAX;

  switch (result.metadata.cross_site_redirect_downgrade) {
    case ContextMetadata::ContextDowngradeType::kStrictToLax:
      result.metadata.cross_site_redirect_downgrade =
          ContextMetadata::ContextDowngradeType::kNoDowngrade;
      break;
    case ContextMetadata::ContextDowngradeType::kStrictToCross:
      result.metadata.cross_site_redirect_downgrade =
          ContextMetadata::ContextDowngradeType::kLaxToCross;
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
}

CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext ComputeSameSiteContextForSet(
    const std::vector<GURL>& url_chain,
    const SiteForCookies& site_for_cookies,
    const std::optional<url::Origin>& initiator,
    bool is_http,
    bool is_main_frame_navigation) {
  CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext same_site_context;

  ComputeSameSiteContextResult result = ComputeSameSiteContext(
      url_chain, site_for_cookies, initiator, is_http, is_main_frame_navigation,
      false /* compute_schemefully */);
  ComputeSameSiteContextResult schemeful_result = ComputeSameSiteContext(
      url_chain, site_for_cookies, initiator, is_http, is_main_frame_navigation,
      true /* compute_schemefully */);

  NormalizeStrictToLaxForSet(result);
  NormalizeStrictToLaxForSet(schemeful_result);

  return MakeSameSiteCookieContext(result, schemeful_result);
}

bool CookieWithAccessResultSorter(const CookieWithAccessResult& a,
                                  const CookieWithAccessResult& b) {
  return CookieMonster::CookieSorter(&a.cookie, &b.cookie);
}

// These values are persisted to logs. Entries should not be renumbered and
// numeric values should never be reused.
enum class StorageAccessNetRequestKind {
  // The request had the `kStorageAccessGrantEligible` override, and was
  // same-origin.
  kSameOrigin = 0,
  // Deprecated: The request had the `kStorageAccessGrantEligible` override, and
  // was
  // cross-origin, same-site.
  // kCrossOriginSameSite = 1,

  // The request had the `kStorageAccessGrantEligible` override, and was
  // cross-site.
  kCrossSite = 2,
  // The request had the `kStorageAccessGrantEligible` override, and was
  // cross-origin, same-site, and included credentials.
  kCrossOriginSameSiteCredentialsIncluded = 3,
  // The request had the `kStorageAccessGrantEligible` override, and was
  // cross-origin, same-site, but did not include credentials.
  kCrossOriginSameSiteCredentialsNotIncluded = 4,
  kMaxValue = kCrossOriginSameSiteCredentialsNotIncluded
};

void RecordStorageAccessNetRequestMetric(StorageAccessNetRequestKind kind) {
  base::UmaHistogramEnumeration("Net.HttpJob.StorageAccessNetRequest2", kind);
}

}  // namespace

void FireStorageAccessHistogram(StorageAccessResult result) {
  UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("API.StorageAccess.AllowedRequests4", result);
}

bool DomainIsHostOnly(const std::string& domain_string) {
  return (domain_string.empty() || domain_string[0] != '.');
}

std::string CookieDomainAsHost(const std::string& cookie_domain) {
  if (DomainIsHostOnly(cookie_domain))
    return cookie_domain;
  return cookie_domain.substr(1);
}

std::string GetEffectiveDomain(const std::string& scheme,
                               const std::string& host) {
  if (scheme == "http" || scheme == "https" || scheme == "ws" ||
      scheme == "wss") {
    return registry_controlled_domains::GetDomainAndRegistry(
        host,
        registry_controlled_domains::INCLUDE_PRIVATE_REGISTRIES);
  }

  return CookieDomainAsHost(host);
}

std::optional<std::string> GetCookieDomainWithString(
    const GURL& url,
    std::string_view domain_string,
    CookieInclusionStatus& status) {
  // Disallow non-ASCII domain names.
  if (!base::IsStringASCII(domain_string)) {
    if (base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kCookieDomainRejectNonASCII)) {
      status.AddExclusionReason(
          CookieInclusionStatus::ExclusionReason::EXCLUDE_DOMAIN_NON_ASCII);
      return std::nullopt;
    }
    status.AddWarningReason(
        CookieInclusionStatus::WarningReason::WARN_DOMAIN_NON_ASCII);
  }

  const std::string url_host(url.host());

  // Disallow invalid hostnames containing multiple `.` at the end.
  // Httpbis-rfc6265bis draft-11, §5.1.2 says to convert the request host "into
  // a sequence of individual domain name labels"; a label can only be empty if
  // it is the last label in the name, but a name ending in `..` would have an
  // empty label in the penultimate position and is thus invalid.
  if (url_host.ends_with("..")) {
    return std::nullopt;
  }

  const bool is_host_ip = url.HostIsIPAddress();
  const bool domain_matches_host =
      base::EqualsCaseInsensitiveASCII(url_host, domain_string) ||
      base::EqualsCaseInsensitiveASCII("." + url_host, domain_string);

  // If no domain was specified in the domain string, default to a host cookie.
  // We match IE/Firefox in allowing a domain=IPADDR if it matches (case
  // in-sensitive) the url ip address hostname and ignoring a leading dot if one
  // exists. It should be treated as a host cookie.
  if (domain_string.empty() || (is_host_ip && domain_matches_host)) {
    std::string result;
    if (url.IsStandard()) {
      result = url_host;
    } else {
      // TODO(crbug.com/403967933): Investigate how GetCookieDomainWithString
      // is called for non-special URLs. There is no standard for canonicalizing
      // an opaque hostname of non-special URLs. We need to call
      // CanonicalizeHost for non-special URLs to handle cases like:
      // - `git://HOST` => `host`. We should also investigate whether it's
      // correct to use the host of the `url` parameter, or if we should be
      // using the domain from the parsed cookie instead.
      url::CanonHostInfo ignored;
      result = CanonicalizeHost(url_host, &ignored);

      // The canonicalized result of an opaque hostname can have a leading dot
      // which requires special handling, e.g. `git://%2ehost` => `.host`.
      if (!result.empty() && result[0] == '.') {
        return std::nullopt;
      }

      if (result.empty() && !url_host.empty()) {
        // Reject non-special domains we fail to canonicalize.
        return std::nullopt;
      }
    }
    // TODO(crbug.com/40271909): Once empty label support is implemented we can
    // CHECK our assumptions here. For now, we DCHECK as DUMP_WILL_BE_CHECK is
    // generating too many crash reports and already know why this is failing.
    DCHECK(DomainIsHostOnly(result));
    return result;
  } else if (is_host_ip) {
    // IP address that don't have an empty or matching domain attribute are
    // invalid.
    return std::nullopt;
  }

  // Disallow domain names with %-escaped characters.
  if (base::Contains(domain_string, '%')) {
    return std::nullopt;
  }

  url::CanonHostInfo ignored;
  std::string cookie_domain(CanonicalizeHost(domain_string, &ignored));
  // Get the normalized domain specified in cookie line.
  if (cookie_domain.empty()) {
    return std::nullopt;
  }
  if (cookie_domain[0] != '.') {
    cookie_domain = "." + cookie_domain;
  }

  // Ensure |url| and |cookie_domain| have the same domain+registry.
  const std::string url_scheme(url.scheme());
  const std::string url_domain_and_registry(
      GetEffectiveDomain(url_scheme, url_host));
  if (url_domain_and_registry.empty()) {
    // We match IE/Firefox by treating an exact match between the normalized
    // domain attribute and the request host to be treated as a host cookie.
    std::string normalized_domain_string = base::ToLowerASCII(
        domain_string[0] == '.' ? domain_string.substr(1) : domain_string);

    if (url_host == normalized_domain_string) {
      DCHECK(DomainIsHostOnly(normalized_domain_string));
      return normalized_domain_string;
    }

    // Otherwise, IP addresses/intranet hosts/public suffixes can't set
    // domain cookies.
    return std::nullopt;
  }
  const std::string cookie_domain_and_registry(
      GetEffectiveDomain(url_scheme, cookie_domain));
  if (url_domain_and_registry != cookie_domain_and_registry) {
    // Can't set a cookie on a different domain + registry.
    return std::nullopt;
  }

  // Ensure |url_host| is |cookie_domain| or one of its subdomains.  Given that
  // we know the domain+registry are the same from the above checks, this is
  // basically a simple string suffix check.
  const bool is_suffix = (url_host.length() < cookie_domain.length()) ?
      (cookie_domain != ("." + url_host)) :
      (url_host.compare(url_host.length() - cookie_domain.length(),
                        cookie_domain.length(), cookie_domain) != 0);
  if (is_suffix) {
    return std::nullopt;
  }

  return cookie_domain;
}

// Parse a cookie expiration time.  We try to be lenient, but we need to
// assume some order to distinguish the fields.  The basic rules:
//  - The month name must be present and prefix the first 3 letters of the
//    full month name (jan for January, jun for June).
//  - If the year is <= 2 digits, it must occur after the day of month.
//  - The time must be of the format hh:mm:ss.
// An average cookie expiration will look something like this:
//   Sat, 15-Apr-17 21:01:22 GMT
base::Time ParseCookieExpirationTime(std::string_view time_string) {
  static constexpr auto kMonths = std::to_array<std::string_view>({
      "jan",
      "feb",
      "mar",
      "apr",
      "may",
      "jun",
      "jul",
      "aug",
      "sep",
      "oct",
      "nov",
      "dec",
  });
  // We want to be pretty liberal, and support most non-ascii and non-digit
  // characters as a delimiter.  We can't treat : as a delimiter, because it
  // is the delimiter for hh:mm:ss, and we want to keep this field together.
  // We make sure to include - and +, since they could prefix numbers.
  // If the cookie attribute came in in quotes (ex expires="XXX"), the quotes
  // will be preserved, and we will get them here.  So we make sure to include
  // quote characters, and also \ for anything that was internally escaped.
  static const char kDelimiters[] = "\t !\"#$%&'()*+,-./;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~";

  base::Time::Exploded exploded = {0};

  base::StringViewTokenizer tokenizer(time_string, kDelimiters);

  bool found_day_of_month = false;
  bool found_month = false;
  bool found_time = false;
  bool found_year = false;

  while (tokenizer.GetNext()) {
    std::string_view token = tokenizer.token();
    DCHECK(!token.empty());
    bool numerical = base::IsAsciiDigit(token[0]);

    // String field
    if (!numerical) {
      if (!found_month) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(kMonths); ++i) {
          // Match prefix, so we could match January, etc
          if (base::StartsWith(token, kMonths[i],
                               base::CompareCase::INSENSITIVE_ASCII)) {
            exploded.month = static_cast<int>(i) + 1;
            found_month = true;
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        // If we've gotten here, it means we've already found and parsed our
        // month, and we have another string, which we would expect to be the
        // the time zone name.  According to the RFC and my experiments with
        // how sites format their expirations, we don't have much of a reason
        // to support timezones.  We don't want to ever barf on user input,
        // but this DCHECK should pass for well-formed data.
        // DCHECK(token == "GMT");
      }
    // Numeric field w/ a colon
    } else if (token.find(':') != std::string::npos) {
      std::string token_str(token);
      if (!found_time &&
#ifdef COMPILER_MSVC
          UNSAFE_TODO(sscanf_s(
#else
          UNSAFE_TODO(sscanf(
#endif
              token_str.c_str(), "%2u:%2u:%2u", &exploded.hour,
              &exploded.minute, &exploded.second)) == 3) {
        found_time = true;
      } else {
        // We should only ever encounter one time-like thing.  If we're here,
        // it means we've found a second, which shouldn't happen.  We keep
        // the first.  This check should be ok for well-formed input:
        // NOTREACHED();
      }
    // Numeric field
    } else {
      // Overflow with atoi() is unspecified, so we enforce a max length.
      if (!found_day_of_month && token.length() <= 2) {
        std::string token_str(token);
        exploded.day_of_month = atoi(token_str.c_str());
        found_day_of_month = true;
      } else if (!found_year && token.length() <= 5) {
        std::string token_str(token);
        exploded.year = atoi(token_str.c_str());
        found_year = true;
      } else {
        // If we're here, it means we've either found an extra numeric field,
        // or a numeric field which was too long.  For well-formed input, the
        // following check would be reasonable:
        // NOTREACHED();
      }
    }
  }

  if (!found_day_of_month || !found_month || !found_time || !found_year) {
    // We didn't find all of the fields we need.  For well-formed input, the
    // following check would be reasonable:
    // NOTREACHED() << "Cookie parse expiration failed: " << time_string;
    return base::Time();
  }

  // Normalize the year to expand abbreviated years to the full year.
  if (exploded.year >= 70 && exploded.year <= 99)
    exploded.year += 1900;
  if (exploded.year >= 0 && exploded.year <= 69)
    exploded.year += 2000;

  // Note that clipping the date if it is outside of a platform-specific range
  // is permitted by: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265#section-5.2.1
  //
  // For well-formed input, the following check would be reasonable:
  // CHECK(SaturatedTimeFromUTCExploded(exploded))
  //          << "Cookie exploded expiration failed: " << time_string;
  return SaturatedTimeFromUTCExploded(exploded).value_or(base::Time());
}

std::string CanonPathWithString(const GURL& url, std::string_view path_string) {
  // The path was supplied in the cookie, we'll take it.
  if (!path_string.empty() && path_string[0] == '/') {
    return std::string(path_string);
  }

  // The path was not supplied in the cookie or invalid, we will default
  // to the current URL path.
  // """Defaults to the path of the request URL that generated the
  //    Set-Cookie response, up to, but not including, the
  //    right-most /."""
  // How would this work for a cookie on /?  We will include it then.
  const std::string& url_path = url.path();

  size_t idx = url_path.find_last_of('/');

  // The cookie path was invalid or a single '/'.
  if (idx == 0 || idx == std::string::npos) {
    return std::string("/");
  }

  // Return up to the rightmost '/'.
  return url_path.substr(0, idx);
}

GURL CookieDomainAndPathToURL(const std::string& domain,
                              const std::string& path,
                              const std::string& source_scheme) {
  // Note: domain_no_dot could be empty for e.g. file cookies.
  std::string domain_no_dot = CookieDomainAsHost(domain);
  if (domain_no_dot.empty() || source_scheme.empty())
    return GURL();
  return GURL(base::StrCat(
      {source_scheme, url::kStandardSchemeSeparator, domain_no_dot, path}));
}

GURL CookieDomainAndPathToURL(const std::string& domain,
                              const std::string& path,
                              bool is_https) {
  return CookieDomainAndPathToURL(
      domain, path,
      std::string(is_https ? url::kHttpsScheme : url::kHttpScheme));
}

GURL CookieDomainAndPathToURL(const std::string& domain,
                              const std::string& path,
                              CookieSourceScheme source_scheme) {
  return CookieDomainAndPathToURL(domain, path,
                                  source_scheme == CookieSourceScheme::kSecure);
}

GURL CookieOriginToURL(const std::string& domain, bool is_https) {
  return CookieDomainAndPathToURL(domain, "/", is_https);
}

GURL SimulatedCookieSource(const CanonicalCookie& cookie,
                           const std::string& source_scheme) {
  return CookieDomainAndPathToURL(cookie.Domain(), cookie.Path(),
                                  source_scheme);
}

CookieAccessScheme ProvisionalAccessScheme(const GURL& source_url) {
  return source_url.SchemeIsCryptographic()
             ? CookieAccessScheme::kCryptographic
             : IsLocalhost(source_url) ? CookieAccessScheme::kTrustworthy
                                       : CookieAccessScheme::kNonCryptographic;
}

bool IsDomainMatch(const std::string& domain, const std::string& host) {
  // Can domain match in two ways; as a domain cookie (where the cookie
  // domain begins with ".") or as a host cookie (where it doesn't).

  // Some consumers of the CookieMonster expect to set cookies on
  // URLs like http://.strange.url.  To retrieve cookies in this instance,
  // we allow matching as a host cookie even when the domain_ starts with
  // a period.
  if (host == domain)
    return true;

  // Domain cookie must have an initial ".".  To match, it must be
  // equal to url's host with initial period removed, or a suffix of
  // it.

  // Arguably this should only apply to "http" or "https" cookies, but
  // extension cookie tests currently use the funtionality, and if we
  // ever decide to implement that it should be done by preventing
  // such cookies from being set.
  if (domain.empty() || domain[0] != '.')
    return false;

  // The host with a "." prefixed.
  if (domain.compare(1, std::string::npos, host) == 0)
    return true;

  // A pure suffix of the host (ok since we know the domain already
  // starts with a ".")
  return (host.length() > domain.length() &&
          host.compare(host.length() - domain.length(), domain.length(),
                       domain) == 0);
}

bool IsOnPath(const std::string& cookie_path, const std::string& url_path) {
  // A zero length would be unsafe for our trailing '/' checks, and
  // would also make no sense for our prefix match.  The code that
  // creates a CanonicalCookie should make sure the path is never zero length,
  // but we double check anyway.
  if (cookie_path.empty()) {
    return false;
  }

  // The Mozilla code broke this into three cases, based on if the cookie path
  // was longer, the same length, or shorter than the length of the url path.
  // I think the approach below is simpler.

  // Make sure the cookie path is a prefix of the url path.  If the url path is
  // shorter than the cookie path, then the cookie path can't be a prefix.
  if (!url_path.starts_with(cookie_path)) {
    return false;
  }

  // |url_path| is >= |cookie_path|, and |cookie_path| is a prefix of
  // |url_path|.  If they are the are the same length then they are identical,
  // otherwise need an additional check:

  // In order to avoid in correctly matching a cookie path of /blah
  // with a request path of '/blahblah/', we need to make sure that either
  // the cookie path ends in a trailing '/', or that we prefix up to a '/'
  // in the url path.  Since we know that the url path length is greater
  // than the cookie path length, it's safe to index one byte past.
  if (cookie_path.length() != url_path.length() && cookie_path.back() != '/' &&
      url_path[cookie_path.length()] != '/') {
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

CookiePrefix GetCookiePrefix(const std::string& name) {
  constexpr std::string_view kSecurePrefix("__Secure-");
  constexpr std::string_view kHostPrefix("__Host-");
  constexpr std::string_view kHttpPrefix("__Http-");
  constexpr std::string_view kHostHttpPrefix("__Host-Http-");

  if (base::StartsWith(name, kSecurePrefix,
                       base::CompareCase::INSENSITIVE_ASCII)) {
    return COOKIE_PREFIX_SECURE;
  }
  if (base::StartsWith(name, kHttpPrefix,
                       base::CompareCase::INSENSITIVE_ASCII) &&
      base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kPrefixCookieHttp)) {
    return COOKIE_PREFIX_HTTP;
  }
  if (base::StartsWith(name, kHostHttpPrefix,
                       base::CompareCase::INSENSITIVE_ASCII) &&
      base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kPrefixCookieHostHttp)) {
    return COOKIE_PREFIX_HOSTHTTP;
  }
  if (base::StartsWith(name, kHostPrefix,
                       base::CompareCase::INSENSITIVE_ASCII)) {
    return COOKIE_PREFIX_HOST;
  }
  return COOKIE_PREFIX_NONE;
}

bool IsCookiePrefixValid(CookiePrefix prefix,
                         const GURL& url,
                         const ParsedCookie& parsed_cookie) {
  return IsCookiePrefixValid(
      prefix, url, parsed_cookie.IsSecure(), parsed_cookie.IsHttpOnly(),
      parsed_cookie.Domain().value_or(""), parsed_cookie.Path().value_or(""));
}

bool IsCookiePrefixValid(CookiePrefix prefix,
                         const GURL& url,
                         bool secure,
                         bool http_only,
                         std::string_view domain,
                         std::string_view path) {
  if (prefix == COOKIE_PREFIX_SECURE) {
    return HasValidSecurePrefixAttributes(url, secure);
  }
  if (prefix == COOKIE_PREFIX_HOST) {
    return HasValidHostPrefixAttributes(url, secure, domain, path);
  }
  if (prefix == COOKIE_PREFIX_HTTP) {
    return HasValidHttpPrefixAttributes(url, secure, http_only);
  }
  if (prefix == COOKIE_PREFIX_HOSTHTTP) {
    return HasValidHttpPrefixAttributes(url, secure, http_only) &&
           HasValidHostPrefixAttributes(url, secure, domain, path);
  }
  return true;
}

bool IsCookiePartitionedValid(const GURL& url,
                              const ParsedCookie& parsed_cookie,
                              bool partition_has_nonce) {
  return IsCookiePartitionedValid(
      url, /*secure=*/parsed_cookie.IsSecure(),
      /*is_partitioned=*/parsed_cookie.IsPartitioned(), partition_has_nonce);
}

bool IsCookiePartitionedValid(const GURL& url,
                              bool secure,
                              bool is_partitioned,
                              bool partition_has_nonce) {
  if (!is_partitioned) {
    return true;
  }
  if (partition_has_nonce) {
    return true;
  }
  CookieAccessScheme scheme = cookie_util::ProvisionalAccessScheme(url);
  bool result = (scheme != CookieAccessScheme::kNonCryptographic) && secure;
  DLOG_IF(WARNING, !result) << "Cookie has invalid Partitioned attribute";
  return result;
}

void ParseRequestCookieLine(const std::string& header_value,
                            ParsedRequestCookies* parsed_cookies) {
  std::string::const_iterator i = header_value.begin();
  while (i != header_value.end()) {
    // Here we are at the beginning of a cookie.

    // Eat whitespace.
    while (i != header_value.end() && *i == ' ') ++i;
    if (i == header_value.end()) return;

    // Find cookie name.
    std::string::const_iterator cookie_name_beginning = i;
    while (i != header_value.end() && *i != '=') ++i;
    auto cookie_name = std::string_view(cookie_name_beginning, i);

    // Find cookie value.
    std::string_view cookie_value;
    // Cookies may have no value, in this case '=' may or may not be there.
    if (i != header_value.end() && i + 1 != header_value.end()) {
      ++i;  // Skip '='.
      std::string::const_iterator cookie_value_beginning = i;
      if (*i == '"') {
        ++i;  // Skip '"'.
        while (i != header_value.end() && *i != '"') ++i;
        if (i == header_value.end()) return;
        ++i;  // Skip '"'.
        cookie_value = std::string_view(cookie_value_beginning, i);
        // i points to character after '"', potentially a ';'.
      } else {
        while (i != header_value.end() && *i != ';') ++i;
        cookie_value = std::string_view(cookie_value_beginning, i);
        // i points to ';' or end of string.
      }
    }
    parsed_cookies->emplace_back(std::string(cookie_name),
                                 std::string(cookie_value));
    // Eat ';'.
    if (i != header_value.end()) ++i;
  }
}

std::string SerializeRequestCookieLine(
    const ParsedRequestCookies& parsed_cookies) {
  std::string buffer;
  for (const auto& parsed_cookie : parsed_cookies) {
    if (!buffer.empty())
      buffer.append("; ");
    buffer.append(parsed_cookie.first.begin(), parsed_cookie.first.end());
    buffer.push_back('=');
    buffer.append(parsed_cookie.second.begin(), parsed_cookie.second.end());
  }
  return buffer;
}

CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext ComputeSameSiteContextForRequest(
    const std::string& http_method,
    const std::vector<GURL>& url_chain,
    const SiteForCookies& site_for_cookies,
    const std::optional<url::Origin>& initiator,
    bool is_main_frame_navigation,
    bool force_ignore_site_for_cookies) {
  // Set SameSiteCookieContext according to the rules laid out in
  // https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis:
  //
  // * Include both "strict" and "lax" same-site cookies if the request's
  //   |url|, |initiator|, and |site_for_cookies| all have the same
  //   registrable domain. Note: this also covers the case of a request
  //   without an initiator (only happens for browser-initiated main frame
  //   navigations). If computing schemefully, the schemes must also match.
  //
  // * Include only "lax" same-site cookies if the request's |URL| and
  //   |site_for_cookies| have the same registrable domain, _and_ the
  //   request's |http_method| is "safe" ("GET" or "HEAD"), and the request
  //   is a main frame navigation.
  //
  //   This case should occur only for cross-site requests which
  //   target a top-level browsing context, with a "safe" method.
  //
  // * Include both "strict" and "lax" same-site cookies if the request is
  //   tagged with a flag allowing it.
  //
  //   Note that this can be the case for requests initiated by extensions,
  //   which need to behave as though they are made by the document itself,
  //   but appear like cross-site ones.
  //
  // * Otherwise, do not include same-site cookies.

  if (force_ignore_site_for_cookies)
    return CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext::MakeInclusive();

  ComputeSameSiteContextResult result = ComputeSameSiteContext(
      url_chain, site_for_cookies, initiator, true /* is_http */,
      is_main_frame_navigation, false /* compute_schemefully */);
  ComputeSameSiteContextResult schemeful_result = ComputeSameSiteContext(
      url_chain, site_for_cookies, initiator, true /* is_http */,
      is_main_frame_navigation, true /* compute_schemefully */);

  // If the method is safe, the context is Lax. Otherwise, make a note that
  // the method is unsafe.
  if (!net::HttpUtil::IsMethodSafe(http_method)) {
    if (result.context_type == ContextType::SAME_SITE_LAX)
      result.context_type = ContextType::SAME_SITE_LAX_METHOD_UNSAFE;
    if (schemeful_result.context_type == ContextType::SAME_SITE_LAX)
      schemeful_result.context_type = ContextType::SAME_SITE_LAX_METHOD_UNSAFE;
  }

  return MakeSameSiteCookieContext(result, schemeful_result);
}

NET_EXPORT CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext
ComputeSameSiteContextForScriptGet(const GURL& url,
                                   const SiteForCookies& site_for_cookies,
                                   const std::optional<url::Origin>& initiator,
                                   bool force_ignore_site_for_cookies) {
  if (force_ignore_site_for_cookies)
    return CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext::MakeInclusive();

  // We don't check the redirect chain for script access to cookies (only the
  // URL itself).
  ComputeSameSiteContextResult result = ComputeSameSiteContext(
      {url}, site_for_cookies, initiator, false /* is_http */,
      false /* is_main_frame_navigation */, false /* compute_schemefully */);
  ComputeSameSiteContextResult schemeful_result = ComputeSameSiteContext(
      {url}, site_for_cookies, initiator, false /* is_http */,
      false /* is_main_frame_navigation */, true /* compute_schemefully */);

  return MakeSameSiteCookieContext(result, schemeful_result);
}

CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext ComputeSameSiteContextForResponse(
    const std::vector<GURL>& url_chain,
    const SiteForCookies& site_for_cookies,
    const std::optional<url::Origin>& initiator,
    bool is_main_frame_navigation,
    bool force_ignore_site_for_cookies) {
  if (force_ignore_site_for_cookies)
    return CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext::MakeInclusiveForSet();

  DCHECK(!url_chain.empty());
  if (is_main_frame_navigation && !site_for_cookies.IsNull()) {
    // If the request is a main frame navigation, site_for_cookies must either
    // be null (for opaque origins, e.g., data: origins) or same-site with the
    // request URL (both schemefully and schemelessly), and the URL cannot be
    // ws/wss (these schemes are not navigable).
    DCHECK(
        site_for_cookies.IsFirstPartyWithSchemefulMode(url_chain.back(), true));
    DCHECK(!url_chain.back().SchemeIsWSOrWSS());
    CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext result =
        CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext::MakeInclusiveForSet();

    const GURL& request_url = url_chain.back();

    for (bool compute_schemefully : {false, true}) {
      bool same_site_initiator =
          !initiator ||
          SiteForCookies::FromOrigin(initiator.value())
              .IsFirstPartyWithSchemefulMode(request_url, compute_schemefully);

      const auto is_same_site_with_site_for_cookies =
          [&site_for_cookies, compute_schemefully](const GURL& url) {
            return site_for_cookies.IsFirstPartyWithSchemefulMode(
                url, compute_schemefully);
          };

      bool same_site_redirect_chain =
          url_chain.size() == 1u ||
          std::ranges::all_of(url_chain, is_same_site_with_site_for_cookies);

      CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext::ContextMetadata& result_metadata =
          compute_schemefully ? result.schemeful_metadata() : result.metadata();

      result_metadata.redirect_type_bug_1221316 =
          ComputeContextRedirectTypeBug1221316(
              url_chain.size() == 1u, same_site_initiator,
              true /* site_for_cookies_is_same_site */,
              same_site_redirect_chain);
    }
    return result;
  }

  return ComputeSameSiteContextForSet(url_chain, site_for_cookies, initiator,
                                      true /* is_http */,
                                      is_main_frame_navigation);
}

CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext ComputeSameSiteContextForScriptSet(
    const GURL& url,
    const SiteForCookies& site_for_cookies,
    bool force_ignore_site_for_cookies) {
  if (force_ignore_site_for_cookies)
    return CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext::MakeInclusiveForSet();

  // It doesn't matter what initiator origin we pass here. Either way, the
  // context will be considered same-site iff the site_for_cookies is same-site
  // with the url. We don't check the redirect chain for script access to
  // cookies (only the URL itself).
  return ComputeSameSiteContextForSet(
      {url}, site_for_cookies, std::nullopt /* initiator */,
      false /* is_http */, false /* is_main_frame_navigation */);
}

CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext ComputeSameSiteContextForSubresource(
    const GURL& url,
    const SiteForCookies& site_for_cookies,
    bool force_ignore_site_for_cookies) {
  if (force_ignore_site_for_cookies)
    return CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext::MakeInclusive();

  // If the URL is same-site as site_for_cookies it's same-site as all frames
  // in the tree from the initiator frame up --- including the initiator frame.

  // Schemeless check
  if (!site_for_cookies.IsFirstPartyWithSchemefulMode(url, false)) {
    return CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext(ContextType::CROSS_SITE,
                                                ContextType::CROSS_SITE);
  }

  // Schemeful check
  if (!site_for_cookies.IsFirstPartyWithSchemefulMode(url, true)) {
    return CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext(ContextType::SAME_SITE_STRICT,
                                                ContextType::CROSS_SITE);
  }

  return CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext::MakeInclusive();
}

bool IsPortBoundCookiesEnabled() {
  return base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kEnablePortBoundCookies);
}

bool IsSchemeBoundCookiesEnabled() {
  return base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kEnableSchemeBoundCookies);
}

bool IsOriginBoundCookiesPartiallyEnabled() {
  return IsPortBoundCookiesEnabled() || IsSchemeBoundCookiesEnabled();
}

bool IsTimeLimitedInsecureCookiesEnabled() {
  return IsSchemeBoundCookiesEnabled() &&
         base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kTimeLimitedInsecureCookies);
}

std::optional<
    std::pair<FirstPartySetMetadata, FirstPartySetsCacheFilter::MatchInfo>>
ComputeFirstPartySetMetadataMaybeAsync(
    const SchemefulSite& request_site,
    const IsolationInfo& isolation_info,
    const CookieAccessDelegate* cookie_access_delegate,
    base::OnceCallback<void(FirstPartySetMetadata,
                            FirstPartySetsCacheFilter::MatchInfo)> callback) {
  if (cookie_access_delegate) {
    return cookie_access_delegate->ComputeFirstPartySetMetadataMaybeAsync(
        request_site,
        base::OptionalToPtr(
            isolation_info.network_isolation_key().GetTopFrameSite()),
        std::move(callback));
  }

  return std::pair(FirstPartySetMetadata(),
                   FirstPartySetsCacheFilter::MatchInfo());
}

CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext::ContextMetadata::HttpMethod
HttpMethodStringToEnum(const std::string& in) {
  using HttpMethod =
      CookieOptions::SameSiteCookieContext::ContextMetadata::HttpMethod;
  if (in == "GET")
    return HttpMethod::kGet;
  if (in == "HEAD")
    return HttpMethod::kHead;
  if (in == "POST")
    return HttpMethod::kPost;
  if (in == "PUT")
    return HttpMethod::KPut;
  if (in == "DELETE")
    return HttpMethod::kDelete;
  if (in == "CONNECT")
    return HttpMethod::kConnect;
  if (in == "OPTIONS")
    return HttpMethod::kOptions;
  if (in == "TRACE")
    return HttpMethod::kTrace;
  if (in == "PATCH")
    return HttpMethod::kPatch;

  return HttpMethod::kUnknown;
}

bool IsCookieAccessResultInclude(CookieAccessResult cookie_access_result) {
  return cookie_access_result.status.IsInclude();
}

CookieList StripAccessResults(
    const CookieAccessResultList& cookie_access_results_list) {
  CookieList cookies;
  for (const CookieWithAccessResult& cookie_with_access_result :
       cookie_access_results_list) {
    cookies.push_back(cookie_with_access_result.cookie);
  }
  return cookies;
}

NET_EXPORT void RecordCookiePortOmniboxHistograms(const GURL& url) {
  int port = url.EffectiveIntPort();

  if (port == url::PORT_UNSPECIFIED)
    return;

  if (IsLocalhost(url)) {
    UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("Cookie.Port.OmniboxURLNavigation.Localhost",
                              ReducePortRangeForCookieHistogram(port));
  } else {
    UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("Cookie.Port.OmniboxURLNavigation.RemoteHost",
                              ReducePortRangeForCookieHistogram(port));
  }
}

NET_EXPORT void DCheckIncludedAndExcludedCookieLists(
    const CookieAccessResultList& included_cookies,
    const CookieAccessResultList& excluded_cookies) {
  // Check that all elements of `included_cookies` really should be included,
  // and that all elements of `excluded_cookies` really should be excluded.
  DCHECK(std::ranges::all_of(included_cookies,
                             [](const net::CookieWithAccessResult& cookie) {
                               return cookie.access_result.status.IsInclude();
                             }));
  DCHECK(std::ranges::none_of(excluded_cookies,
                              [](const net::CookieWithAccessResult& cookie) {
                                return cookie.access_result.status.IsInclude();
                              }));

  // Check that the included cookies are still in the correct order.
  DCHECK(
      std::ranges::is_sorted(included_cookies, CookieWithAccessResultSorter));
}

NET_EXPORT bool IsForceThirdPartyCookieBlockingEnabled() {
  return base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(
             features::kForceThirdPartyCookieBlocking) &&
         base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kThirdPartyStoragePartitioning);
}

bool ShouldAddInitialStorageAccessApiOverride(
    const GURL& url,
    StorageAccessApiStatus api_status,
    base::optional_ref<const url::Origin> request_initiator,
    bool emit_metrics,
    bool credentials_mode_include) {
  if (api_status != StorageAccessApiStatus::kAccessViaAPI ||
      !request_initiator) {
    return false;
  }

  const url::Origin origin = url::Origin::Create(url);

  using enum StorageAccessNetRequestKind;
  StorageAccessNetRequestKind kind = kCrossSite;
  if (request_initiator->IsSameOriginWith(origin)) {
    kind = kSameOrigin;
  } else if (SchemefulSite::IsSameSite(request_initiator.value(), origin)) {
    kind = credentials_mode_include
               ? kCrossOriginSameSiteCredentialsIncluded
               : kCrossOriginSameSiteCredentialsNotIncluded;
  }
  if (emit_metrics) {
    RecordStorageAccessNetRequestMetric(kind);
  }

  if (base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(
          features::kStorageAccessApiFollowsSameOriginPolicy)) {
    return kind == kSameOrigin;
  }
  return kind != kCrossSite;
}

}  // namespace net::cookie_util
